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ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ

ດັດແກ້ລິງກ໌
ຈາກ ວິກິພີເດຍ
ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ

Türkmenistan  (Turkmen)
ທຸງຊາດTurkmenistan
ທຸງຊາດ
EmblemຂອງTurkmenistan
Emblem
ຄຳຂວັນ: 
Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň watanydyr
"Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality"[1][2]
ເພງຊາດ: 
Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni
"National Anthem of Independent Neutral Turkmenistan"
ທີ່ຕັ້ງຂອງ ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ  (red)
ທີ່ຕັ້ງຂອງ ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ  (red)
ເມືອງຫຼວງ
ແລະ ເມືອງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ
Ashgabat
37°58′N 58°20′E / 37.967°N 58.333°E / 37.967; 58.333
ພາສາລັດຖະການTurkmen[3]
ກຸ່ມຊົນເຜົ່າ
(2012)[4]
ສາສະໜາ
(2020)[5]
ເດມະນິມTurkmenistaniແມ່ແບບ:R
Turkmen[6]
ການປົກຄອງUnitary presidential republic under a totalitarian hereditary dictatorship[7][8]
• President
Serdar Berdimuhamedow
Raşit Meredow
• Chairman of the People's Council
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
Dünýägözel Gulmanowa
ສະພານິຕິບັນຍັດAssembly
ກໍ່ຕັ້ງ
13 May 1925
• Declared independence from the Soviet Union
22 August 1990
• Recognized
26 December 1991
18 May 1992
ພື້ນທີ່
• ລວມ
491,210 ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (189,660 ຕາລາງໄມລ໌)[9] (52nd)
• ແຫຼ່ງນ້ຳ
24,069 ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (9,293 ຕາລາງໄມລ໌)
4.9
ປະຊາກອນ
• ສຳມະໂນປະຊາກອນ 2022[10]
7,057,841
14.4 ຕໍ່ຕາລາງກິໂລແມັດ (37.3 ຕໍ່ຕາລາງໄມລ໌) (221st)
GDP (ອຳນາດຊື້)2023 (ປະມານ)
• ລວມ
Increase $126.132 billion[11] (93rd)
Increase $19,938[11] (80th)
GDP (ລາຄາຕະຫຼາດ)2023 (ປະມານ)
• ລວມ
Increase $81.822 billion[11]
Increase $12,934[11]
ຈີນີ (1998)40.8
ປານກາງ
HDI (2022)Increase 0.744[12]
ສູງ · 94th
ສະກຸນເງິນManat (TMT)
ເຂດເວລາUTC+05 (TMT)
ຂັບລົດດ້ານright
ລະຫັດໂທລະສັບ+993
ລະຫັດ ISO 3166TM
ລະຫັດອິນເຕີເນັດ.tm

ເຕີກເມນິສະຖານ[lower-alpha 1] ເປັນ ​ປະ​ເທດ​ທີ່​ບໍ່​ມີ​ທາງ​ອອກ​ສູ່​ທະ​ເລ ​ໃນ ​ອາ​ຊີ​ກາງ ​ມີ​ຊາຍ​ແດນ​ຕິດ​ກັບ Kazakhstan ທິດ ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ຕົກ​ສຽງ​ເຫນືອ ​, Uzbekistan ທິດ​ເຫນືອ​, ພາກ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ແລະ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ສ່ຽງ​ເຫນືອ ​, ປະເທດອາຟະການິດສະຖານ ທິດ ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ສຽງ​ໃຕ້ ​, ປະເທດອິຫຣ່ານ ທາງ ​ໃຕ້​ແລະ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ຕົກ​ສຽງ​ໃຕ້ ​ແລະ ​ທະ​ເລ Caspian ທິດ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ຕົກ​.[14] Ashgabat ແມ່ນນະຄອນຫຼວງແລະ ເມືອງທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ . ມັນແມ່ນນຶ່ງໃນຫົກລັດ Turkic ເອກະລາດ. ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍກວ່າ 7 ລ້ານຄົນ, ເຕີກເມນິ [15] ເປັນປະເທດທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດອັນດັບທີ 35 ໃນອາຊີ[16] ແລະມີປະຊາກອນຕໍາ່ສຸດຂອງສາທາລະນະ ລັດອາຊີກາງ ໃນຂະນະທີ່ເປັນຫນຶ່ງໃນບັນດາປະເທດທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫນ້ອຍທີ່ສຸດໃນທະວີບອາຊີ.[17]

Turkmenistan ໄດ້ຮັບໃຊ້ເປັນເສັ້ນທາງຍ່າງທາງສໍາລັບຫຼາຍອານາຈັກແລະວັດທະນະທໍາ.[18] Merv ແມ່ນ​ໜຶ່ງ​ໃນ​ເມືອງ​ໂອ​ເອ​ຊີ​ທີ່​ເກົ່າ​ແກ່​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ໃນ​ອາ​ຊີ​ກາງ,[19] ແລະ​ເຄີຍ​ເປັນ​ເມືອງ​ໃຫຍ່​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ໃນ​ໂລກ.[20] ມັນ​ຍັງ​ເປັນ​ຫນຶ່ງ​ໃນ​ຕົວ​ເມືອງ​ທີ່​ຍິ່ງ​ໃຫຍ່​ຂອງ ​ໂລກ​ອິດ​ສະ​ລາມ ​ແລະ​ເປັນ​ຈຸດ​ຢຸດ​ເຊົາ​ທີ່​ສໍາ​ຄັນ​ຂອງ ​ເສັ້ນ​ທາງ​ສາຍ​ໄຫມ ​. ຍຶດ​ເອົາ​ຈັກ ​ກະ​ພັດ​ຣັດ​ເຊຍ ​ໃນ​ປີ 1881, ຕວກ​ເມ​ນິ​ສ​ຖານ​ໄດ້​ສະ​ແດງ​ໃຫ້​ເຫັນ ​ການ​ເຄື່ອນ​ໄຫວ​ຕ້ານ Bolshevik ຢູ່​ອາ​ຊີ​ກາງ. ປີ 1925, ເຕີກ​ເມ​ນິ​ສ​ຖານ​ໄດ້​ກາຍ​ເປັນ​ສາ​ທາ​ລະ​ນະ​ລັດ​ປະ​ກອບ​ຂອງ ​ສະ​ຫະ​ພາບ​ໂຊ​ວຽດ​, ຕວກ​ເມ​ນສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດ(Turkmen SSR​)​; ມັນ​ໄດ້​ກາຍ​ເປັນ​ເອ​ກະ​ລາດ​ຫຼັງ​ຈາກ ​ການ​ລະ​ລາຍ​ຂອງ​ສະ​ຫະ​ພາບ​ໂຊ​ວຽດ ​ໃນ​ປີ 1991 [18]

ອ້າງອີງ

[ດັດແກ້]
  1. ↑ ""Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality" is the motto of 2020 | Chronicles of Turkmenistan". En.hronikatm.com. 28 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  2. ↑ "Turkmen parliament places Year 2020 under national motto "Turkmenistan – Homeland of Neutrality" – tpetroleum". Turkmenpetroleum.com. 29 December 2019. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  3. ↑ "Turkmenistan's Constitution of 2008" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  4. ↑ "The results of census in Turkmenistan | Chronicles of Turkmenistan". Archived from the original on 6 October 2016.
  5. ↑ "Turkmenistan". 3 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  6. ↑ "Dual Citizenship". Ashgabat: U.S. Embassy in Turkmenistan. Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  7. ↑ *Gore, Hayden (2007). "Totalitarianism: The Case of Turkmenistan" (PDF). Human Rights & Human Welfare. Denver: Josef Korbel School of International Studies (Human Rights in Russia and the Former Soviet Republics): 107–116. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2021. * Williamson, Hugh (24 March 2022). "The internet is crucial". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022. Turkmenistan stands out as a totalitarian state. It gives absolutely no scope to dissident opinions and independent media. The regime censors the internet heavily. * Horák, Slavomír; Šír, Jan (March 2009). Dismantling totalitarianism?: Turkmenistan under Berdimuhamedow (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. ISBN 9789185937172. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022. * "Turkmenistan: New president, old ideas", Eurasianet, 15 March 2022 * "Nations in Transit: Turkemistan". Freedom House. 2016. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022. * Stronski, Paul (30 January 2017). "Turkmenistan at Twenty-Five: The High Price of Authoritarianism" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AP People's Council
  9. ↑ "Государственный комитет Туркменистана по статистике" (in ລັດເຊຍ). Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. : Туркменистан — одна из пяти стран Центральной Азии, вторая среди них по площади (491,21 тысяч км2), расположен в юго-западной части региона в зоне пустынь, севернее хребта Копетдаг Туркмено-Хорасанской горной системы, между Каспийским морем на западе и рекой Амударья на востоке.
  10. ↑ ""Ilat ýazuwy — 2022": Türkmenistanyň ilaty 7 million 57 müň 841 adama deň boldy | Jemgyýet". August 2023.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Turkmenistan)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  12. ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (in ອັງກິດ). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  13. ↑ Clark, Larry (1998). Turkmen Reference Grammar (in ອັງກິດ). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 50.
  14. ↑ "Deep-water friendship: Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan bury Caspian Sea hatchet". {{cite web}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help); |archive-url= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  15. ↑ "2022 Complete Population and Housing Census of Turkmenistan". {{cite web}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help); |archive-url= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  16. ↑ "Asian Countries by Population (2024) - Worldometer". {{cite web}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help); |archive-url= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  17. ↑ "Turkmenian". {{cite web}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help); |archive-url= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Turkmenistan
  19. ↑ "State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv"". {{cite web}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help); |archive-url= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  20. ↑ "Lost cities #5: how the magnificent city of Merv was razed – and never recovered". {{cite web}}: |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help); |archive-url= requires |url= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)


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