ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ອັຟການິສຖານ
Appearance
ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕຂອງອັຟການິສຖານ, ໄດ້ປ່ຽນຊື່ ສາທາລະນະຂອງອັຟການິສຖານ ໃນປີ 1987, ເປັນລັດອາຟການິສຖານໃນລະຫວ່າງ ການປົກຄອງພັກດຽວ ຂອງ ພັກປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນອັຟການິສຖານ ຈາກ 1978 ຫາ 1992 . ມັນເພິ່ງພາອາໄສການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຈາກ ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ ເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່, ໂດຍສະເພາະໃນ ສົງຄາມໂຊວຽດ-ອັຟການິສຖານ.
ອ້າງອີງ
[ດັດແກ້]- ↑ Azmi, Muhammad R. (Spring 1986). "Soviet Politico-Military Penetration in Afghanistan, 1955 to 1979". Armed Forces & Society. Sage Publishing. 12 (3): 343, 344. doi:10.1177/0095327X8601200301. JSTOR 45304853 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ Amstutz, J. Bruce (1 July 1994). Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. DIANE Publishing. pp. 52, 59, 190, 343. ISBN 9780788111112.
- ↑ Hussain, Rizwan. "Socialism and Islam". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 27 December 2021 – via Oxford Islamic Studies Online.
The leaders of the DRA emphasized the similarity between Islam and socialism and retained Islam as the state religion.
- ↑ Sources describing the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan as a Marxist-Leninist state:
- Roy, Olivier (2018). "3: The Sovietization of Afghanistan". In Hauner, Milan; L. Canfield, Robert (eds.). Afghanistan and the Soviet Union: Collision and Transformation. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-367-01216-8.
- Cordovez, Deigo; S. Harrison, Selig (1995). Out of Afghanistan: The Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-19-506294-9.
- Girardet, Edward (2011). "Introduction". Afghanistan: The Soviet war. New York, NY: Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-415-68480-4.
- ↑ Freedom in the World 1990–1991 Freedom House